閥門的水錘(chuí)效應

掃一掃!

掃一掃!

浏覽：- 發布日期：2021-09-04 13:08:24【大中小】

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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect )

是指當打開的(de)閥門突然關閉，由于壓力水流的慣性，産生水流沖擊波，并産生破壞作用，這就是水利學當中的“水錘效應”，也就是正水錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反(fǎn)，關閉的閥門在突然打開後，也(yě)會産生水錘，叫負水錘，也有一定的破壞力，但沒有前者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效(xiào)應就好像是追尾，最(zuì)前面的車突然停車了，為後面的車未及時發現，從而造成了連環追尾事故，緻使(shǐ)最前面的車破壞嚴重。水錘效應就是與這個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

水錘效應

通常，在閥門接近(jìn)關閉時閉合元件(jiàn)突然吸入閥座，稱為溶缸閉鎖效應。

溶缸閉鎖效(xiào)應是由低推力執(zhí)行(háng)機構所造成的，該執(zhí)行機構沒有足夠的推力(lì)以(yǐ)保持在接近閥座的位置，導緻(zhì)泵的突然關閉或閥門的突然關閉，從而(ér)産生水錘效應。對于(yú)控制閥，在某些情況(kuàng)下，快開型流量特性的閥門也能導緻水錘效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.

雖然水錘産生很大的噪音，但真正的損害是由機械失效造成的。因(yīn)為由動能急劇地變化成靜态的管線壓(yā)力，水錘會沖破管線或損傷管子支架和損害管線接頭。對于閥門，水錘能夠通過閥芯(xīn)産生嚴重振動，它可能導(dǎo)緻閥(fá)芯、墊片或填料的失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

水錘效(xiào)應破壞

對于閥門，防止水錘的(de)辦法(fǎ)是防止系統任何突然的壓力變化(huà)。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.

包括放(fàng)慢閥門(mén)本(běn)身的關(guān)閉速度或當閉(bì)合元件(jiàn)接近閥座時提供較大程度的拉(lā)力和剛性。為防止壓力波動，閥門(mén)應以均勻變動的(de)速度進行(háng)關閉(bì)。在某些情況下，當使用快開特性，可以要求改變為(wéi)等百分比特性。對于在接(jiē)近閥座時必須(xū)節流的控制閥(fá)，應當使用輸出推力(lì)足夠大的執行機構，如活塞式氣動(dòng)執行(háng)機構或液壓執行機構(gòu)，或在手動旋轉的操作器的(de)行程套管上設置特殊缺口，将減(jiǎn)少或防止溶(róng)缸閉鎖效應。在管(guǎn)線系統上設置(zhì)某種(zhǒng)類(lèi)型的(de)防波動措(cuò)施也能減少水錘。可使用壓力洩放閥或緩沖桶完成(chéng)。此外氣體可被注入系統内，氣體的注(zhù)入能減(jiǎn)少流體的(de)密度并提供(gòng)某些(xiē)壓縮性以處理任何突然(rán)的波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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